Turmeric (Active ingredient - Curcumin )
Long-term use of turmeric may cause serious side effects. Stop using this product and call your healthcare provider at once if you have:
unusual bruising or bleeding;
any bleeding that will not stop; or
high blood sugar--increased thirst, increased urination, dry mouth, fruity breath odor, headache, blurred vision.
Common side effects of turmeric may include:
nausea, upset stomach;
diarrhea; or
dizziness.
General safety considerations
When taken orally, turmeric (Curcuma longa) is usually well tolerated but most studies have been short.
In human studies, doses of up to 8000 mg a day of turmeric have been used for eight months without toxic effects. Curcumin doses of up to 8000 mg a day have been used for three months without toxic effects.
Giving curcumin with piperine enhances the absorption of curcumin which may have safety implications.
Gastrointestinal
Use caution if taking turmeric and have a gastrointestinal condition.
Evidence
Of all the adverse reactions reported to the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority (MHRA) for curcuma, the most common (around 16%) were for gastrointestinal effects, including:
diarrhoea
constipation
abdominal distension
flatulence
dyspepsia
nausea
Other gastrointestinal effects seen commonly in clinical trials are:
gastroesophageal reflux
vomiting
yellow stool
stomach ache
Often, these common gastrointestinal effects are mild and occur at a similar rate with placebo and turmeric in clinical trials.
Liver
Avoid turmeric and curcumin in individuals with bile duct obstruction, cholangitis (bile duct inflammation), liver disease, gallstones, or any biliary disease.
Evidence
Turmeric extracts can trigger biliary colic (abdominal pain) in people with gallstones. About 7% of the adverse reactions reported to the MHRA for curcuma were for hepatobiliary disorders or abnormal liver function test results.
In people taking turmeric as a medicine, there have been reports of:
hepatitis
autoimmune hepatitis (case 1, case 2)
drug-induced liver injury
In four published cases of hepatitis or liver injury, turmeric had been taken for three to ten months before the adverse effects were identified, and liver function returned to normal or was greatly improved within a month of discontinuing the turmeric.
Cardiovascular
Turmeric or curcumin-containing preparations may cause heart rate or rhythm disorders.
Evidence
Cardiovascular disorders, including rate and rhythm disorders of the heart, account for nearly 7% of the adverse effects that have been reported to the MHRA for curcuma.
A person experienced atrioventricular heart block a month after starting to take 1500 to 2250 mg of a multi-ingredient supplement containing turmeric. Their heart rhythm normalised three days after stopping the supplement, but the side effect returned when the supplement was restarted.
The supplement was discontinued and no further heart rhythm disturbances were noted in the six months that followed.
Blood
Curcumin may have antiplatelet (blood thinning) effects.
Advice for surgical procedures
If taking turmeric orally as a medicine, stop taking it at least two weeks before elective surgical procedures.
Skin
Pitting oedema and itching are uncommon with turmeric but have been reported in people who took turmeric orally.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria and itching have been reported when turmeric was used topically.
Other effects
Until more is known, use turmeric and curcumin with caution if you have a hormone-sensitive condition such as breast cancer or endometriosis.
Turmeric may have weak oestrogen-like actions.
Note - Medical research articles cited are listed in the article.
diabetes
Curcumin has different pharmacological and biological effects that have been described by both in vitro and in vivo studies, and include antioxidant, cardio-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, nephro-protective, anti-neoplastic, hepato-protective, immunomodulatory, hypoglycaemic and anti-rheumatic effects. In animal models, curcumin extract delays diabetes development, improves β-cell functions, prevents β-cell death, and decreases insulin resistance. The present review focuses on pre-clinical and clinical trials on curcumin supplementation in T2DM and discusses the peculiar mechanisms by which curcumin might ameliorate diabetes management.
The Effects of Curcumin on Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
The results showed that curcumin’s anti-diabetic activity might be due to its capacity to suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory process. Also, it significantly reduces fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and body mass index. Nanocurcumin is also associated with a significant reduction in triglycerides, VLDL-c, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, serum C reactive protein, and plasma malonaldehyde.
Studies on diabetic humans and animals have revealed that curcumin may have positive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation and may reduce fasting blood glucose levels, increase insulin sensitivity/secretion and regulate the lipid profile. Thus, it may prevent and treat diabetes by affecting various molecular targets.
The main cause of blocking the broadly extended pharmacological and clinical investigations of curcumin is its extremely low solubility in water and in organ fluids. This feature consequently limits its systemic bioavailability and makes use of curcumin as a therapeutic remedy (to date) difficult.
Curcumin and diabetes: a systematic review
Note - Do not take turmeric with alpha-lipoic acid as it also lowers blood sugar.
Reduces blood-clotting
We also presented molecular mechanisms associated with the antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities of curcumin
Therefore, these results suggest that curcumin and BDMC possess antithrombotic activities and daily consumption of the curry spice turmeric might help maintain anticoagulant status.
This review is aimed to summarize available evidence on the antiplatelet activity of curcumin and related molecular mechanisms for this activity.
Curcumin treatment resulted in an increase in fibrinolytic activity and cell migration towards the wound area.
Note - Do not take turmeric with Evening primrose oil as both interfere with blood clotting.
Interfers with iron absorption
We report here a possible case of iron deficiency anemia in a human taking turmeric. It binds to ferric iron in the gut and causes iron deficiency in mice.
All of the above research show that turmeric inhibits iron uptake.
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